‘Art is not and never has been subordinate to moral values. Moral values are social values; aesthetic values are human values. Moral values promote and protect a particular way of life; aesthetic values promote and protect life itself, as a vital principle. Moral values are based on sentiments, that is to say, on clear notions of goodness or happiness; aesthetic values are based on institutions and feelings, that is to say, on obscure reactions to experience. Morality seeks to restrain the feelings, art seeks to define them by externalizing them, by giving them significant form. Morality has only one aim – the ideal good; art has quite another aim – the objective truth. Morality finds expression in precept and commandment; art in symbol and myth. The moralist preaches or prophesies; the artist bears witness, impassively’
What I can understand by reading this small extract from Read position towards art is that art is essentially a medium of communication. The essence of an artistic product is in the way it reaches its audience whether effectively or not!
‘The crucial element is life and it self-preservation because life is after all the self-expression of a human being’. We should interpret the values of pleasure, communication and emotion according to Tolstoy as something that is not connected with art but should be integrated with it. By this there is an assumption that moral values make part of the artistic nature!
Moral values are something that co-exists with art but the only interference with art and morality depends on the judgement of every person. Their natural essence, even though being very close is often misunderstood, assuming that art itself in its deep essence should assume some kind of morality! But then we have to ask ourselves what kind of morality we are talking about! I don’t think it is an issue that is easy to talk about because there are different points of view. What can be for me reproachable is accepted by someone else!
I have to say that the ultimate purpose of art is to go beyond everything that is tactile or even physical to reach a level of transcendence, where nothing is seen but felt and afterwards understood. In this point I have to agree with Tolstoy, but the fact that Read says that morality should be played in a different field of art can be discussable because in history, art played an important role in developing the society and even giving values to its development.
However the statement from Tolstoy may be focused in only a simple factor of the experience of art.
As far as I am concerned the two authors are assuming two different perspectives about the same topic and what was to be understood here is the fact that they are not separable from each other. In one hand we have the pure fact of communication and feelings and on the other hand the capacity of understanding that leads to a transcendental world far away from the pure gaze!
It can be said, when the artist preserves the outstanding singularity of giving to its audience a genuine sensation, the power of engagement is fulfilled in every dimension.
I would like to question if this conflict between art and morality made specifically by these two authors is just a conflict, because after all art has the power to touch independently from any social restriction?! In addition in the excerpt from Herbert Read can’t we find the whole dimension of what art demonstrate to be?
(Herbert Read, the Grass Roots of Artist)
(Leo Tolstoy, What is Art?)